Key findings This paper explores the sense of belonging of first-generation Francophone sub-Saharan African immigrants in Alberta towards their co-ethnic communities, Canadian Francophone community, as well as the broader Canadian population. The findings show that while the Francophone sub-Saharan African immigrants were excited about the presence of a Francophone community in Canada before their migration, they experience exclusion and are not accepted as Canadian/Albertan Francophones. They experience alienation due to racism and linguistic discrimination, affecting their sense of belonging to Canada. Open-access – Yes https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12134-015-0437-x.pdf Location Alberta Key recommendations Support the strategies that target racialization of minorities and increase interaction among diverse individuals and communities. Gaps identified NA Key populations First-generation immigrants from sub-Saharan African countries Community organizations NA Integration timeline At what point during the integration process the study was conducted? NA